gʷer-1, gʷerǝ-

    gʷer-1, gʷerǝ-

    English meaning: to devour; throat

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “verschlingen, Schlund”

    Material: 1. O.Ind. giráti, giláti, gr̥ṇǘti “devours” (Fut. gariṣyati, participle gīrṇ á - “verschlungen”; -gír (in compounds) “verschlingend”, -gara- ds. (aja-gara- “Ziegen verschlingend, Boa” :Gk. δημο-βόρος, Lat. carni-vorus, Gk. βορός “ voracious “), gará-ḥ “Trank”, gala-ḥ “throat”(perhaps zur parallel root *g(ʷ)el- “verschlingen”), tuvi-gri-, -gra- “viel verschlingend”; Av. jaraiti ‘schluckt”, -gar (in compounds) “verschlingend” (aspō-gar- “horse v.”), f. pl. “throat, neck “, Pers. gulū “throat”, Av. garǝman- “throat, neck “; Arm. ker “dish, food, food fed to livestock “, kur ds. (*gʷur-), eker “aß”, kokord “throat” (also krcum “ gnaw “?? Pedersen KZ. 39, 427); Alb. ngranë “ eaten “; Gk. βορά f. “ food fed to livestock, dish, food” (= Lat. *vorü, whereof vorüre), βορός (see above), βιβρώσκω “consume”, Hom. Opt. perf. βεβρώθοις; βρῶμα, βρώμη, βρῶσις “dish, food”, βρωτήρ “ trencherman “; βρω- kann also from *gʷr̥ ̄ - originated sein (Schwyzer Gk. I 361); Gk. βάραθρον, Hom. βέρεθρον, ark. ζέρεθρον, δέρεθρον “gullet”; Alb. zorrë “ bowel “, pl. “ intestines, entrails” (“*food fed to livestock, Geschlinge”) from *gʷērnü, in addition zgurdhë (*dz-gu orda) “ intestines, entrails”, ánger(r), angúrrë (*a-n-gʷornü) ds., Jokl Mé l. Pedersen 139 ff.;

    Note: Maybe Alb. zorrë “bowel”, pl. “ intestines, entrails” didn”t derive from Root gʷer-1, gʷerǝ- : to devour; throat; but from Root ĝher-5, ĝhor-nü : bowels. [common Alb. ĝh- > z- phonetic mutation]. Lat. vorō, -üre (see above) “verschlingen”, vorügo “gullet”, carni-vorus; O.Ir. túarae “dish, food” (*to-gʷr-ii̯ü?), M.Welsh breuad “Totenwurm”, breuan “Aaskrähe” (Proto-Celt.*brüvato-, *brüvanü after Fick II4 181; *brü = Gk. βρω-?); O.H.G. querdar “Lockspeise, bait” (*kver-Þra-), Ger. “bait”; O.Ice. krüs f. “ tidbit “ (*gʷrēso-); Bal.-Slav. *girō and *gerō ‘schlinge” in: Lith. geriù, gérti, Ltv. dzeŕu, dzer̂t “drink” (Balt *geri̯ō reshaped from Bal.-Slav. *gerō), ablaut. Lith. ge ̃ris m. “Trinken, Trunk” and girà f. “Getränk”; Kaus. Lith. gìrdyti, Ltv. dzir̂dît “tränken”; Slav. *žьr-ǫ, žerti in O.C.S. pоžъro, požrě ti, Sloven. požrè m, požrẹ ́ ti, O.Cz. požru požř ieti “verschlingen”, besides Slav. *žerǫ , žьrati in Cz. žeru, žrá ti “ devour “, compare Russ. požrá tь “auffressen”; Bal.-Slav. participle perf. pass. *gīrta- in Lith. gìrtas “betrunken”: O.C.S. požrъtъ “devoratus” (*gr̥̄-to-, compare O.Ind. gīrṇ á - “verschlungen”); Bal.-Slav. gurtla- n. “craw, throat” in: O.Pruss. gurcle f. “ gullet “, Lith. gurklỹs m. “craw, Adamsapfel”; Maybe Alb. (*gurk-) grykë “throat” Slav. *gъrdlo n. in R.C.S. grъlo “throat”, Ser.-Cr. gȑlo “ neck, gullet “, Pol. gardɫo ds., Russ. gorɫo ds., besides Slav. *žьrdlo in R.C.S. vozopi žerlom “exclamavit voce” and Clr. žó rlo “ riverbed “; as well as Slav. *žerdlo in Sloven. žrẹ ́ lo “Rachen, gullet”; aRuss. žerelo “Flußmũndung”; Maybe Alb. grellë “deep place, abyss” Balt -gara- “verschlingend” in Lith. pra-garas “abyss, hell”, Ltv. pragars “ wolverine “ (compare above O.Ind. -gara- “verschlingend”, Gk. βορός “ voracious “, Lat. carni-vorus “fleischfressend”). 2. With voller or fractured reduplication: O.Ind. gárgara-ḥ “gullet, whirlpool”; Intens. ni-galgalīti, ni-jalgulīti “devours”, participle járgurüṇa-; Lat. gurguliō (-ur- as in Balt-Slav.) “ gullet, windpipe “, gurges “(gullet =) whirlpool, whirl, deep Gewässer”, gurgustium (suffix after angustiae) “ärmliches hole as cottage or Kneipe”; O.H.G. quer(e)kela, querka “ gullet “, O.N. kverk (*gʷergü) “craw, whereof O.Fris. querka, O.N. kyrkia “erwũrgen”; Lith. gargaliúoju “röchle, gluckse”; after Specht KZ. 59, 1101 here Lith. gvr̃ĩgšti, gvaržde ́ ti “hoarse sein”, Ltv. gver̂g(z)dêt “creak, babble, chatter “; s. above WH. I 628; 3. With formants -u̯ü-: Gk. Att. δέρη, Ion. δειρή, Lesb. δερρᾶ:, δέρα, Dor. δήρα “ neck, nape “ (*gʷer-u̯ü); due to an ī-Femininums *gʷ(e)rī: *gʷrīu̯ ü “ neck, Schlundgegend” in: O.Ind. grīvǘ f., Av. grīvü “ nape “, Ltv. grīva “Flußmũndung; Dreieckland between Flũssen”, grĩvis “langes grass”; O.C.S. griva “Mähne”, grivьna “collar, neckband”. Maybe Alb. *griva, krifa “mane”. 4. As gh-extension presumably here *gʷrō̆ gh-: in Gk. ἔβροξε, Aor. “verschlang”, Hom. ἀνα-, κατα-βρόξειε, ἀνα-βροχείς, βρόξαι ῥοφῆσαι Hes., βρόχθος m. “gullet, throat”; M.H.G. krage “ neck, throat, nape “; Ger. “Kragen”, O.N. kragi “Halskragen”, M.Eng. crawe, Eng. craw “craw the Vögel” (lengthened grade in addition M.L.G. krōch, krūch “Wirtshaus, Schenke”, Ger. Krug in the meaning ‘schenke”? meaning as in Lat. gurgustium “Kneipe”); O.Ir. brügae “ neck, nape “ (*gʷr̥ ̄ g-n̥t-), O.Welsh abal-brouannou “gurgulionibus” (actually “Äpfel of Halses ”), M.Welsh breuant “ windpipe “ (Proto-Celt. *brüg-); O.Corn. briansen “guttur”, O.Bret. Brehant-Dincat gl. “guttur receptaculi pugnae”, maybe from *br̥g-, Pedersen KG. 100. With nasalization in addition perhaps Gk. βρόγχος m., Ion. βρογχίη “ windpipe “, βράγχια, βαράγχια “ gill of fish; Luftröhrenäste” seems in voc. after βραγχάω “bin hoarse”, βράγχος “ hoarseness “ reshaped, das with O.Ir. brongide “hoarse” (above 103) related, but from βρόγχος to separate is (: ἔβραχε “rasselte, crack, brũllte”, O.Ind. br̥ṃhati “barrire”? Johansson KZ. 36, 345).

    Note: Gk. βράγχια, βαράγχια “ gill of fish” = Root gʷer-1, gʷerǝ- : “ to devour; throat “ + zero grade of Root angʷ(h)i- (*egʷhi-, ogʷhi- and eĝhi-): ‘snake, worm, *fish (*hedgehog = snake eater)” : Alb.Gheg (*gʷer- gʷha) verza “ (*throat), gill of fish” : Latvian bürda “gill of fish” : Latvian: bǜ rda “beard” [f ü]; bürzda (dial.) “beard”. see Root bhardhü : “ beard” 5. With reinem Velar: Gk. γέργερος βρόγχος Hes., γαργαρεών “Zäpfchen in Munde”, γαργαρίζω “gurgle” (: Arm. kerkerim “werde hoarse”?) perhaps through Entlabialisierung after forms mitγυρ- (γοργύρη “unterirdisches jail, Wasserleitung”), yet is previously gerbesides gʷer- because of gel- besides gʷel- an sich unbedenklich.

    References: WP. I 682 ff., WH. I 627 f., Trautmann 89 f., 98, Specht KZ. 59, 110, 1.